Target Outcome
Prerequisites
Infrastructure
For more details see ["Infrastructure/ExperimentationMechanics"].
Previous Protocols
For more details see ["Specifications/Specimens"].
For more details see ["Specifications/ExperimentationJointMechanics"].
For more details see ["Specifications/ExperimentationAnatomicalImaging"]
For more details see ["Specifications/SpecimenPreparation"].
Protocols
Overview
Registration of the knee includes three main steps:
- Register imaged (MRI) anatomical landmarks to MRI compatible registration markers. See ["Specifications/ExperimentationAnatomicalImaging"]
- Register robot-controlled clinical coordinate system to MRI compatible registration markers
- Register digitized anatomical landmarks on each bone with respect to an optoelectronic sensor rigidly mounted on each bone
- Register digitized MRI compatible registration markers on each bone with respect to an optoelectronic sensor rigidly mounted on each bone
- Register robot-controlled clinical coordinate system with respect to imaged (MRI) anatomical landmarks
Coordinate System Definition
In order to perform proper registration, the following coordinate systems (CS) must be identified and defined:
- Tibia
- Tibia MRI marker CS
- [:Specifications/SpecimenPreparation#MRI_markers_prep: MRI Marker Preparation]
- Consists of three spheres (positioned medial(S1), lateral (S2), posterior (S3))
- Origin - S1
- X-axis - unit vector S1 to S2
- Z-axis - unit vector of X-axis cross vector of S1 to S3
- Y-axis - Z-axis cross the X-axis
Tibia digitized CS - transformation matrix between the Tibia CS (TIB) and mounted optoelectronic marker CS (TibWorld)
- The tibia CS is defined for a right knee. It should be mirrored when used for a left knee.
- Digitized points
- T1. Medial tibial plateau
- T2. Lateral tibial plateau
- T3. Medial malleolus of the tibia
- T4. Lateral malleolus of the fibula
- Algorithm:
- TIB origin - center of tibial plateau: Otib = (T1+T2)/2
- TIB Z-axis to point superiorly: Ztib = normalize(Otib-(T3+T4);
- TIB Y-axis to point posteriorly: Ytib = normalize(Ztib,(T2-T1))
- TIB X-axis to point medially: Xtib = cross(Ytib,Ztib)
Store results in 4x4 matrix: T_TibWorld_TIB = [Xtib Ytib Ztib Otib; 0 0 0 1];
- Femur
- Femur MRI marker CS
- [:Specifications/SpecimenPreparation#MRI_markers_prep: MRI Marker Preparation]
- Consists of three spheres (positioned anterior(S1), medial (S2), lateral (S3))
- Origin - S1
- X-axis - unit vector S1 to S2
- Z-axis - unit vector of X-axis cross vector of S1 to S3
- Y-axis - Z-axis cross the X-axis
Femur digitized CS - transformation matrix between the Femur CS (FEM) and mounted optoelectronic marker CS (FemWorld)
- The femur CS is defined for a right knee. It should be mirrored when used for a left knee.
- Digitized points
- F1. Lateral epicondyle of the femur
- F2. Medial epicondyle of the femur
- F3-F6. 4 points around the epiphyseal line of the femur
- Algorithm:
- FEM origin - mid-epicondylar point: Ofem = (F1+F2)/2.
- FEM X-axis to point medially: Xfem = normalize(F2-F1)
- FEM Y-axis to point posteriorly: Yfem = normalize(cross(Ofem-(centroid(F3,F4,F5,F6),Xfem))
- FEM Z-axis to point superiorly: Zfem = cross(Xfem,Yfem)
Store results in 4x4 matrix T_FemWorld_FEM = [Xfem Yfem Zfem Ofem; 0 0 0 1]
- Patella Registration
- Patella MRI marker CS ["Specifications/SpecimenPreparation"]
- [:Specifications/SpecimenPreparation#MRI_markers_prep: MRI Marker Preparation]
- Consists of three spheres (positioned superior(S1), medial (S2), lateral (S3))
- Origin - S1
- X-axis - unit vector S1 to S2
- Z-axis - unit vector of X-axis cross vector of S1 to S3
- Y-axis - Z-axis cross the X-axis
Patella digitized CS - transformation matrix between the Patella CS (PAT) and mounted optoelectronic marker CS (PatWorld)
- The Patella CS is defined for a right knee. It should be mirrored when used for a left knee.
- Digitized points
- P1. Most lateral point
- P2. Most medial point
- P3. Most superior point
- P4. Most inferior point
- Algorithm:
- PAT origin - Opat = (P1+P2)/2.
- PAT X-axis to point medially: Xpat = normalize(P2-P1)
- PAT Y-axis to point posteriorly: Ypat = normalize(cross((P3-P4),Xpat))
- PAT Z-axis to point superiorly: Zpat = cross(Xpat,Ypat)
Store results in 4x4 matrix T_PatWorld_PAT = [Xpat Ypat Zpat Opat; 0 0 0 1]